• Given the powerful and ubiquitous nature of adenosine

  2025-02-15

  

  Given the powerful and ubiquitous nature of adenosine action within the CNS, basal levels of extracellular adenosine are carefully regulated and are estimated to be in the region of 30–300 nM (Fredholm et al., 2001). The two main pathways for the control of extracellular adenosine involve phosphoryl

• br Introduction Adenosine deaminase ADA which can catalyze t

  2025-02-15

  

  Introduction Adenosine deaminase (ADA), which can catalyze the conversion of AD to inosine by removing an amino group, is a key hydrolytic enzyme of purine metabolism (Conway and Cooke, 1939), and plays an important role in an amount of diseases. For example, an increase of ADA activity in serum

• br GMF Remodels Actin Networks at the Leading Edge How

  2025-02-15

  

  GMF Remodels Actin Networks at the Leading Edge How are the conserved activities of GMF used in vivo to regulate branched 50S ribosomal subunit inhibitor networks (e.g., at sites of endocytosis and at the leading edge) (Figure 2A,B)? In animal cells, the regulatory effects of GMF on actin networ

• The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the

  2025-02-14

  

  The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervous system is also exemplified by early observations that nicotine caused no detectable effect when applied on a brain slice and it is only with the focal and high time resolution of more recent experiments that the effects of nicotinic neur

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion The brain

  2025-02-14

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The brain is endowed with the 5-LOX enzymatic system (Lammers et al., 1996, Lindgren et al., 1984), but its physiological and pathological roles are still not clear. Inflammation is a characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheime

• The studies have described that Candida non

  2025-02-14

  

  The studies have described that Candida non-albicans are considered as remarkable pathogenic agents of OPC, and among them, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata are known as major strains that may replace C. albicans as the greatest causing agent of this infection [20], [21]. It has been shown that Candida

• TCS JNK 5a br Methods The study population included neuropat

  2025-02-13

  

  Methods The study population included 64 neuropathologically confirmed AD patients (6 male, 58 female) that were recruited into a longitudinal follow-up study of patients with dementia of Alzheimer’s type from the geriatric department of Harjula Hospital in Kuopio, Finland. At baseline the patien

• Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents

  2025-02-13

  

  Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of the Panax ginseng root, which contain many types of ginsenosides including Rb1, Rg1, Rc, and Rg3. The ginsenoside Rb1 appears to be the most abundant of the bioactive ginsenosides [15]. Rb1 exhibits antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxid

• Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune disorder

  2025-02-13

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic cysteine protease inhibitors receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopatho

• br Conclusions and future directions

  2025-02-13

  

  Conclusions and future directions Translation of the therapy to human MG will require a substitute adjuvant for IFA. Most human vaccines use aluminum salts (alum) as adjuvants. Both IFA and alum selectively promote antibody dominated Th 2 immune responses, rather than T killer cell dominated Th 1

• br ARIs in the prevention of prostate cancer

  2025-02-13

  

  5ARIs in the prevention of prostate cancer Prostate cancer continues to be a leading cause of male deaths worldwide. In 2009, it was estimated there would be 192,280 new cases of prostate cancer with a predicted 27,360 deaths [25]. Because androgens, and specifically DHT, play a large role in bot

• The role of DHT in early teleost embryogenesis is not

  2025-02-13

  

  The role of DHT in early teleost embryogenesis is not entirely clear or established, however additional studies that treat fish embryos to DHT or to specific srd5a inhibitors at critical stages of development (i.e. prior to sex differentiation) will shed light on the early functions of this androgen

• It has been proven that genetic polymorphisms

  2025-02-12

  

  It has been proven that genetic polymorphisms can play an important role in development of hypertension and CVDs. In a Turkish population-based study, it was found that the APLNR gene (rs948847-A445C) polymorphism was not associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but it was shown to be related

• The reception of antiangiogenic treatment in neuro oncology

  2025-02-12

  

  The reception of antiangiogenic treatment in neuro-oncology has yet to achieve the wide success rapidly accomplished for other malignancies. In 1984, mutated receptor tyrosine kinase became a culprit for aberrant tumorigenesis signal, providing a target for monoclonal Hydroxysafflor yellow A (mAbs)

• Our surprising results show that AAD

  2025-02-12

  

  Our surprising results show that AAD-treated tumors adjacent to adipose tissues and in steatotic liver continue to grow in the presence of a minimal number of microvessels. In non-adipose tumor models, the similar degree of vascular suppression is translated into marked suppression of tumor growth.

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